Everything about Sudak totally explained
Sudak ( ) is a historic townlet of about 15,000 inhabitants in
Crimea, situated to the west of
Theodosia and to the east of
Simferopol. Today it's a popular resort, best known for its
Genoese fortress, the best preserved on the northern shore of the
Black Sea.
Sudak was founded by Greek merchants from
Byzantium in the 3rd century AD. The original Greek name for the city was
Sougdeia, meaning "Sogdian". The
Khazars pronounced its name as
Sugdak, the Slavs as
Surozh, and the Italians as
Soldaia. The Life of St.
Stephen of Surozh describes the 8th-century town as a dependency of the Byzantine Empire. About 800, it was supposedly attacked by
the Rus chieftain,
Bravlin. It is thought that the Khazars retained the town from the early 800s until
1016, when the Byzantines finally defeated the local warlord
Georgius Tzul. Afterwards, the town seems to have preserved some sort of autonomy within the Byzantine Empire.
The
Cumans sacked the city in the 11th century. The
Mongols further damaged its prosperity in
1223 and
1239. The
Seljuk Sultanate of Iconium army and fleet from
Sinop held and fortified Sudak in
1224. Several years later, the site was occupied by the
Venetians (members of the
Polo family and other Venetian merchants having resided in the town since the 12th century), who ceded it to Genoese control in
1365. The
Ottomans wrestled it from the Genoese in
1475 and, after much looting, gave to the
Crimean Khanate.
In
1771, Sudak was occupied by
Rumyantsev's army. 12 years later, it definitively passed to the
Russian Empire, with the rest of
Crimea. In
1801, the first Russian school of
viticulture was opened there.
Further Information
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